Immanuel Kant (1771) mentions that in mind we already have four categories, namely:
- Qualitative, which includes reality, negation, and limitations.
- Quantitative, which includes unity, plurality, and totality.
- Category, where there are various possibilities about the existence and needs.
- The relationship, which consists of the substance, causes and communities.
The fourth category above have links with mathematics education, namely that there is intention in mind to implement a phenomenon. Intentions we begin with an awareness of space and time. Thus, there is an abstraction and idealization in it. Abstraction think about certain qualities favored, while the idealization considered perfect property there. All the things that do not need to be included in epoche house, so that is in our minds is the concept gained through abstraction and idealization. As a result, the phenomenon becomes knowledge about science teaching and learning mathematics, we need a way of thinking from the bottom up and from top to bottom. Top-down method should require theories, reference, we can get from books, journals, and search reports.
The things we do can become routine, widespread, and intensive. If you routinely work but remain passive and spread the way it works, will produce a narrow-intensive work. Our focus in science teaching and learning mathematics is mathematics each student can think, so we need a reference.
According to Katagiri (2004), students' mathematical thinking has three aspects, namely:
- Attitude
- Method
- Content
When students do mathematical thinking and mathematical properties associated with the existing school, which is a pattern, solve problrm, investigation and communication, there will be a network. Oeh talk like William Blake, "No bird flying too high when he rose with his own wings" That's what this illustrates how important a network. However, in order to create a network, we are also asked to be patient but active and proactive in giving, both in the form of service or other contributions to individuals or groups. Has value to others, by creating partnerships that provide convenience and variety of value in their favor. If we look back at the phenomenon that we have proof. Furthermore, if we go further, it will result in the analysis. This is if the item described will be an instrument of research. research instruments can be used for observation, the material question for the question siswaserta materials for teachers. From the research that has been done, the instrument can analyze the data to generate a conclusion.
December 30, 2009
My Small Research
After doing the research object is a primary school level and advanced level students, the authors conclude that due to so much negative perception of mathematics, it is important to us as a mathematics teacher efforts can make the learning process fun and meaningful. Here are some ideas to reduce fear or negative perceptions of mathematics.
1. Pack oriented mathematics learning around the world (Realistic Mathematic Education).
RME is by linking and involving environment, real experiences of students had ever experienced in daily life, and make the mathematics as a student activity. RME approach with students not only brought into the real world (real world), but in relation to any real situation existing in the minds of students. Thus encouraged students to think about how to solve problems that may or frequently experienced by students in the student daily.
2. Give the freedom to move students with out-door mathematics.
If learning has always done in the classroom, where students less free to move, try a variety of learning strategies related to the life and environment around the school directly, and use it as a source of learning. Many things can make our mathematics learning resources, which is important to choose appropriate topics, such as measuring the height of the tree, measure the width of a tree, measure the height of the kite and so forth.
3. Finish in teaching.
There are some philosophers and beliefs of education experts that "students learn a little better material until cooked (complete) rather than to learn a lot but shallow. Despite the many demands of the curriculum to the achievement of the target absorption but with a limited allocation of time. So teachers should encourage students to complete self-study materials prior to further this kareana intended to prevent any misconceptions that would imprison students in learning mathematics.
4. learn and play.
Most students, learning mathematics is a heavy burden and boring, students become less lost interest and motivated, quickly bored, and tired. The few ways that can be done to overcome this by making innovation on learning. Some ways that can be implemented, among others; give a quiz or a puzzle that must be predictable either in groups or individually, to make mathematics and recited poetry in front of the class in turn, provides a class game of numbers and so forth depending on the creativity of teachers.
5. synergy relationships teachers, students and parents.
Demands of parents that their children receive a satisfactory score if not balanced with the understanding and guidance will be a special burden. Recognized or not, many parents are now less attention to development and learning difficulties at school children. Parents do not want to know the development of children's learning, the important good value. The desire of parents is actually in the know it or not has Compounding the students in learning. Therefore itusinergisitas teacher-student relationships in schools, parent-child and child at home, and parent-teacher in different occasions and private agencies should be increased. Parents monitor their children with learning difficulties how to consult on a regular basis both for official and personal. Instead the teacher tells students the real progress to parents.
So be aware of all parties, to enable students to develop optimally in learning math should attempt to remove the negative perception and fear of math, so math still “matematika, is’nt mate-matian”.
1. Pack oriented mathematics learning around the world (Realistic Mathematic Education).
RME is by linking and involving environment, real experiences of students had ever experienced in daily life, and make the mathematics as a student activity. RME approach with students not only brought into the real world (real world), but in relation to any real situation existing in the minds of students. Thus encouraged students to think about how to solve problems that may or frequently experienced by students in the student daily.
2. Give the freedom to move students with out-door mathematics.
If learning has always done in the classroom, where students less free to move, try a variety of learning strategies related to the life and environment around the school directly, and use it as a source of learning. Many things can make our mathematics learning resources, which is important to choose appropriate topics, such as measuring the height of the tree, measure the width of a tree, measure the height of the kite and so forth.
3. Finish in teaching.
There are some philosophers and beliefs of education experts that "students learn a little better material until cooked (complete) rather than to learn a lot but shallow. Despite the many demands of the curriculum to the achievement of the target absorption but with a limited allocation of time. So teachers should encourage students to complete self-study materials prior to further this kareana intended to prevent any misconceptions that would imprison students in learning mathematics.
4. learn and play.
Most students, learning mathematics is a heavy burden and boring, students become less lost interest and motivated, quickly bored, and tired. The few ways that can be done to overcome this by making innovation on learning. Some ways that can be implemented, among others; give a quiz or a puzzle that must be predictable either in groups or individually, to make mathematics and recited poetry in front of the class in turn, provides a class game of numbers and so forth depending on the creativity of teachers.
5. synergy relationships teachers, students and parents.
Demands of parents that their children receive a satisfactory score if not balanced with the understanding and guidance will be a special burden. Recognized or not, many parents are now less attention to development and learning difficulties at school children. Parents do not want to know the development of children's learning, the important good value. The desire of parents is actually in the know it or not has Compounding the students in learning. Therefore itusinergisitas teacher-student relationships in schools, parent-child and child at home, and parent-teacher in different occasions and private agencies should be increased. Parents monitor their children with learning difficulties how to consult on a regular basis both for official and personal. Instead the teacher tells students the real progress to parents.
So be aware of all parties, to enable students to develop optimally in learning math should attempt to remove the negative perception and fear of math, so math still “matematika, is’nt mate-matian”.
June 21, 2009
It is a Must have a Competence on English for Math
In knowledge-based era of globalization, the role and competence is the main, important, and strategic; and replace the main importance of the information or material. For that, each man must take a number of competency standards as a minimum to be able to think and act in life and the life of individual and joint. The establishment of minimum standards of competence that can be done through education, especially school education. In the era of globalization, the process of school education should be concentrated on the establishment of competencies needed by learners to the life and their lives. Therefore, schools need to be translated competency-oriented, competency-based curriculum, learning-focused competencies, and competency-based assessment. This demands the reform and reconstruction of schools, curriculum, assessment and learning and even without having to change the system of national education. Then be that the competency-based learning and competency-based assessment. . The competency-based assessment should be carried out in authentic, diverse, and comprehensive, not limited to tests in the classroom, but can the tasks and other activities outside the classroom.
Competency-based learning is very meritorious to restore practical-practical education that tends to conventional abstract, textual, verbal, artificial, and virtual. Practical competency-based learning emphasizes the students to recognize the value (logos), internalization of values into the conscience (ethics), and apply the values learned into the daily life of days . Implement competency-based learning process integrity knowing, loving and doing or acting. The concept of competency-based learning focuses on what students can do (competence) as the ability to behave, think, and act consistently as a manifestation of knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired by students. Which places students as the subject of active learning to learn planning, or excavate and flatten the learning material is needed.
Quality of the competency include knowledge, know-how of life, beliefs and values become very important and key in the era of globalization, are only one of the new trend now and the future. Without a certain level of competence and adequate for the global life would be someone will be loser. Amount and number of information and materials owned by someone not sufficient anymore to be able to play a role in the life of the global (world system), which affect each other or together with other trends. The information and materials useful, if not many people can not afford analysis, process, giving meaning, and context so that a set of knowledge, skill, confidence, and value. This shows that the information and materials only basis for competence, while competence is the existent and the results of human "use" information and materials. So that every person charged has a power to establish competency. Competency that requires a very high motivation. Motivation is a psychological condition that encourage someone to do something. In learning activities, motivation intrinsic and extrinsic is necessary, because someone who does not have any motivation in learning, will not be possible to do learning activities.
Learning in a sustainable, ongoing, lifelong and very necessary so that the ability to learn a conditio sine qua non in every person. Each person must be a man of competence so that learners are still current, appropriate, functional, and with the actual needs and the activities of daily life. Teachers as agents capable of learning charged with organizing the learning process as well as possible. Start of plan, implement, and assess the results of the learning process. Article 4 of Law. 14 of 2005 on teachers and lecturers assert, as the teacher works to improve the quality of national education. To carry out its function properly, the teacher must have a requirement for, one of which is competence. Competencies defined Cowell (1988) as a finesse that is active. Competence is one piece that describes the potential, knowledge, skills and attitudes are assessed, and related to the teaching profession. In addition to competency, there must be commitment and dedication in maintaining a high school in order to keep winning. Commitment and dedication is seen from the behavior of teachers who constantly improve its ability to continue to learn throughout life, in order to develop the potential to become professional teachers.
Little explanation of the above, it can be concluded that the institutions responsible for school education and primary responsibility in implementing the establishment of competence-competence, not to forwarding the material. In Math, so English is also required on a competency therein. Expected to always develop from time to time so that stranded a readiness to confront global challenges.
Competency-based learning is very meritorious to restore practical-practical education that tends to conventional abstract, textual, verbal, artificial, and virtual. Practical competency-based learning emphasizes the students to recognize the value (logos), internalization of values into the conscience (ethics), and apply the values learned into the daily life of days . Implement competency-based learning process integrity knowing, loving and doing or acting. The concept of competency-based learning focuses on what students can do (competence) as the ability to behave, think, and act consistently as a manifestation of knowledge, attitudes, and skills acquired by students. Which places students as the subject of active learning to learn planning, or excavate and flatten the learning material is needed.
Quality of the competency include knowledge, know-how of life, beliefs and values become very important and key in the era of globalization, are only one of the new trend now and the future. Without a certain level of competence and adequate for the global life would be someone will be loser. Amount and number of information and materials owned by someone not sufficient anymore to be able to play a role in the life of the global (world system), which affect each other or together with other trends. The information and materials useful, if not many people can not afford analysis, process, giving meaning, and context so that a set of knowledge, skill, confidence, and value. This shows that the information and materials only basis for competence, while competence is the existent and the results of human "use" information and materials. So that every person charged has a power to establish competency. Competency that requires a very high motivation. Motivation is a psychological condition that encourage someone to do something. In learning activities, motivation intrinsic and extrinsic is necessary, because someone who does not have any motivation in learning, will not be possible to do learning activities.
Learning in a sustainable, ongoing, lifelong and very necessary so that the ability to learn a conditio sine qua non in every person. Each person must be a man of competence so that learners are still current, appropriate, functional, and with the actual needs and the activities of daily life. Teachers as agents capable of learning charged with organizing the learning process as well as possible. Start of plan, implement, and assess the results of the learning process. Article 4 of Law. 14 of 2005 on teachers and lecturers assert, as the teacher works to improve the quality of national education. To carry out its function properly, the teacher must have a requirement for, one of which is competence. Competencies defined Cowell (1988) as a finesse that is active. Competence is one piece that describes the potential, knowledge, skills and attitudes are assessed, and related to the teaching profession. In addition to competency, there must be commitment and dedication in maintaining a high school in order to keep winning. Commitment and dedication is seen from the behavior of teachers who constantly improve its ability to continue to learn throughout life, in order to develop the potential to become professional teachers.
Little explanation of the above, it can be concluded that the institutions responsible for school education and primary responsibility in implementing the establishment of competence-competence, not to forwarding the material. In Math, so English is also required on a competency therein. Expected to always develop from time to time so that stranded a readiness to confront global challenges.
May 27, 2009
What Had Done and Would I Do In English for Math?
For two months I have followed the course the English language 2. In lectures, I have gained much knowledge, especially in the areas of language knowledge in relation to the universal in mathematics. This was very important because in accordance with the program of study that I take, the program of study in mathematics education. At the time that we subjugate knowledge we have acquired to their students so that there is a large possibility to adjust to the development of the age, that is possible to use the English language in the process of learning.
Each student is given the freedom to maximize or improve English language skills in individuals, depending on their interests, and awareness of each student.
Although the plan in the study subjects English 2 already mentioned in detail from week to week, but none of the many learning plan is adopted in this study. This is very reasonable and I would support to our lecturers, Dr. Marsigit, to learn how to develop like this, specialist in learning. However, I also do not ignore what is in this study plan. In other words, little by little from day to day I learn the material that should been mastered by every student in order to face global challenges.
In addition to the above, in a lecture is also provided the facilities to the development of the age, the online-based system, which is a special blog created by one of the lecturers of the University of Yogyakarta, Dr. Marsigit, to be used by each student to expand knowledge in the field of mathematics in particular. I also have to follow this blog as a follower affiliate with the many other friends. In my blog there are a few of the tasks that have been given by Dr. Marsigit, and I will try to complete these tasks.
I hope that what has been taught by Dr. Marsigit and the leader-the other I can continue to man the people need in order to reward that has been during this assigned by the leaders in the learning does not stop in the middle of the road.
Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
Each student is given the freedom to maximize or improve English language skills in individuals, depending on their interests, and awareness of each student.
Although the plan in the study subjects English 2 already mentioned in detail from week to week, but none of the many learning plan is adopted in this study. This is very reasonable and I would support to our lecturers, Dr. Marsigit, to learn how to develop like this, specialist in learning. However, I also do not ignore what is in this study plan. In other words, little by little from day to day I learn the material that should been mastered by every student in order to face global challenges.
In addition to the above, in a lecture is also provided the facilities to the development of the age, the online-based system, which is a special blog created by one of the lecturers of the University of Yogyakarta, Dr. Marsigit, to be used by each student to expand knowledge in the field of mathematics in particular. I also have to follow this blog as a follower affiliate with the many other friends. In my blog there are a few of the tasks that have been given by Dr. Marsigit, and I will try to complete these tasks.
I hope that what has been taught by Dr. Marsigit and the leader-the other I can continue to man the people need in order to reward that has been during this assigned by the leaders in the learning does not stop in the middle of the road.
Wassalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.
May 04, 2009
Difficult Words In its Means
1. Apothem : high a triangle formed by two adjacent fingers and a polygon on the uniform
2. Axiom : a proposition regarded as self-evidently true without proof, is a slightly archaic synonym for postulate. Compare conjecture or hypothesis, both of which connote apparently true but not self-evident statements
3. Blanket cone: an area of a circle segment which this radius same length of line with the painter and long bow cone segment is the same as the circle around the cone base area
each side of the polygon is a right side of a polygon is, and if the side of this areas have the polygon, then the sides is intersection at one point or on a side
4. Central angle of a circle : a corner of the drip on the corner of the center circle
5. Circumference of a circle : limit of arounds polygon in uniform of the circle
6. Corner of the object : angle between the two areas
7. Diagonal : line segment that connects two points from the corner opposite corner pair
8. Field object : the field of load angle pedestal
9. Median : a value that is in the middle or average of two values that are in the middle (if the number of complete data), after the data is sorted from the smallest to the largest
10. Nets cone: the order or a blanket in the cone and cone-shaped field
11. One field Points : set points in one field
12. Paralelepipedum : a prism and a field base field over a region that parallelogram mutually congruent (same dimensions) and the fields also a side area parallelogram
13. Polyhedron : a combination of a number of limited (finite) region of polygon
14. Postulat : law based on the theory and axioma. As postulat Newton on movement
15. Projection of a line to the field : the collective points is to this projection field of dots on the field
16. Projections point to a field: perpendicular foot from the point to the field
17. The axis of a line segment : a line which is a line for each other and perpendicular to the line segment
18. The higher a triangle: a perpendicular line segment that connects a point on the triangle with a point on the line that the point is in front
19. Theorema : indeterminate sentences containing ambiguous meaning with the same proposition.
Example phytagoras theory: a complementary line perpendicular drawn a line and then you cut to the line-2 is then:
I cut the length of the second line is the square root of the number of square length of the complementary perpendicular
20.Transversal lines : two lines that ones sector if and only if a line is cut two lines at the two points of different
21. Triangle: a combination of three-line segment formed by the three dots that are not kolinear the pairs of mutually connected
22. Triangular region : combination of a triangle and the indoor area Triangle: a combination of three-line segment formed by the three dots that are not kolinear that the pairs of mutually connected
23. Volume : the relationship between a uniform field with a lot of the positive
2. Axiom : a proposition regarded as self-evidently true without proof, is a slightly archaic synonym for postulate. Compare conjecture or hypothesis, both of which connote apparently true but not self-evident statements
3. Blanket cone: an area of a circle segment which this radius same length of line with the painter and long bow cone segment is the same as the circle around the cone base area
each side of the polygon is a right side of a polygon is, and if the side of this areas have the polygon, then the sides is intersection at one point or on a side
4. Central angle of a circle : a corner of the drip on the corner of the center circle
5. Circumference of a circle : limit of arounds polygon in uniform of the circle
6. Corner of the object : angle between the two areas
7. Diagonal : line segment that connects two points from the corner opposite corner pair
8. Field object : the field of load angle pedestal
9. Median : a value that is in the middle or average of two values that are in the middle (if the number of complete data), after the data is sorted from the smallest to the largest
10. Nets cone: the order or a blanket in the cone and cone-shaped field
11. One field Points : set points in one field
12. Paralelepipedum : a prism and a field base field over a region that parallelogram mutually congruent (same dimensions) and the fields also a side area parallelogram
13. Polyhedron : a combination of a number of limited (finite) region of polygon
14. Postulat : law based on the theory and axioma. As postulat Newton on movement
15. Projection of a line to the field : the collective points is to this projection field of dots on the field
16. Projections point to a field: perpendicular foot from the point to the field
17. The axis of a line segment : a line which is a line for each other and perpendicular to the line segment
18. The higher a triangle: a perpendicular line segment that connects a point on the triangle with a point on the line that the point is in front
19. Theorema : indeterminate sentences containing ambiguous meaning with the same proposition.
Example phytagoras theory: a complementary line perpendicular drawn a line and then you cut to the line-2 is then:
I cut the length of the second line is the square root of the number of square length of the complementary perpendicular
20.Transversal lines : two lines that ones sector if and only if a line is cut two lines at the two points of different
21. Triangle: a combination of three-line segment formed by the three dots that are not kolinear the pairs of mutually connected
22. Triangular region : combination of a triangle and the indoor area Triangle: a combination of three-line segment formed by the three dots that are not kolinear that the pairs of mutually connected
23. Volume : the relationship between a uniform field with a lot of the positive
April 30, 2009
Basic Knowledge of Teaching Mathematics
In distributing the basic teaching materials, sometimes the teachers here as educators who have difficulties.This is because teachers are not yet understood about what is actually in mathematics. Mathematics is one of the parent from other sciences, which contains four basic understanding,is as follows :
- learning mathematics is the use pattern, the pattern of many to be one, resulting in the arrest of a maximum by the student.
- learning mathematics is a problem-solving which contains three main elements, namely to understanding, learning and solve the problems.
- learning mathematics is a communication that was built between the students as learners with the teachers as educators, so that power will affect the time, before the course of the learning will be visible after a positive difference in this learn.
- learning mathematics is an investigation of a generation to the next generation, so that in a learning process in now will be a learning guide in the future and will be more refined in days.
Preparation of the Subjects English 2
After following the subjects of the English language in the first semester, in the second semester students are exposed in this study the English language two. Preparation, preparation before the course is varied. But of the many ways in order to expedite the way lecture, only a few that I do. This is caused by one and the other factors, among others, have not knowd materials that will be taught in lectures to come, the limitations of the handbook by the students, and the most fundamental and I think not only that I feel is the inability to share vacation time during the end of semester , between the time to learn and time to play and rest. As said before, several factors other than the above obstacle, there are preparation I do before the course is two English, among others, read-read the material obtained during the course to learn the English language one in the first semester, re-learn a little about the kind of tense , grammar, and various main criticism that has been learned during high school, both junior high school and advanced middle school. In addition, because the subjects in this there is a facility of learning through electronic media in the form of "blog", then each easier more students learn more material in the lectures. So I also sometimes see on what a warm discussed in lectures through the blogspot site.
The little explanation from me, thank you.
The little explanation from me, thank you.
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